Which of the following can contribute to infertility?

Infertility can arise from a multitude of factors, and all the options presented contribute to the complex landscape of reproductive health.

Physical deformities can lead to infertility by causing anatomical issues that hinder conception or the proper functioning of reproductive organs. For example, uterine anomalies or blocked fallopian tubes can prevent the successful meeting of sperm and egg.

Genetics also play a critical role in infertility, as genetic disorders may lead to conditions such as Turner syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome, which can affect an individual's reproductive capacity. Chromosomal abnormalities may negatively impact fertility by disrupting normal reproductive function.

Environmental factors encompass a variety of influences, including exposure to pollutants, chemicals, and lifestyle choices such as smoking and poor diet. These elements can provide adverse effects on hormone levels, sperm quality, and overall reproductive health.

Together, these factors illustrate the multifaceted nature of infertility, where physical, genetic, and environmental influences can collectively affect an individual’s ability to conceive. Thus, the assertion that all of these factors contribute to infertility is accurate.