Which nutritional supplement is essential during pregnancy?

Folic acid is essential during pregnancy as it plays a critical role in the prevention of neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, occur within the first few weeks of gestation, often before many individuals even realize they are pregnant. Adequate folic acid intake is vital not just in the early stages of pregnancy but also before conception, as it helps in the formation of the neural tube that will develop into the baby’s brain and spinal cord.

The recommended daily allowance of folic acid for pregnant individuals is typically 400 to 800 micrograms, and many healthcare providers recommend starting supplementation even before pregnancy and continuing through the first trimester to ensure optimal fetal development.

While iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids are also important nutrients during pregnancy for various reasons—such as supporting increased blood volume, bone development, and brain health respectively—folic acid stands out due to its specific and critical role in preventing congenital defects.