What condition may require phototherapy for treatment in newborns?

Phototherapy is primarily indicated for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns, a condition characterized by elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. In newborns, particularly those that are preterm, the liver may not be mature enough to efficiently process and eliminate bilirubin, leading to a buildup that can result in jaundice.

The application of phototherapy involves exposing the infant to specific wavelengths of light, which helps convert bilirubin into a form that can be more easily excreted by the liver. This treatment is critical because high levels of bilirubin can lead to kernicterus, a serious neurological condition. Therefore, phototherapy is a safe and effective intervention to prevent the potential complications associated with hyperbilirubinemia.

Other conditions listed, such as acidosis, hypoglycemia, and asphyxia, do not typically require phototherapy and are managed with different medical interventions. Understanding this specific use of phototherapy is vital for managing newborns with jaundice effectively.