What are the signs of placental abruption?

Placental abruption refers to the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, which can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the fetus. The hallmark signs of placental abruption include sudden abdominal pain accompanied by vaginal bleeding. This pain is typically intense and can be localized to the area where the placenta has detached. The presence of bleeding, which can be either visible or concealed, is a critical indicator that this condition may be occurring.

In this context, the focus on sudden onset is essential, as it distinguishes abruption from other potential issues during pregnancy. The pain and bleeding result from the disrupted blood flow and the body’s response to the trauma of the separation.

While other choices such as persistent nausea and vomiting, increased fetal movement, and lower back pain can occur during pregnancy, they do not specifically indicate placental abruption. Persistent nausea and vomiting are more commonly associated with conditions like hyperemesis gravidarum, increased fetal movement generally suggests good fetal well-being, and lower back pain is a common discomfort in pregnancy due to physical changes. Hence, the correct answer highlights the defining symptoms of placental abruption, emphasizing the importance of recognizing this serious condition promptly.