How can a mother reduce the risk of neural tube defects during pregnancy?

Taking folic acid supplements preconception and during pregnancy is critically important for reducing the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). Folic acid, a B-vitamin, plays an essential role in the early stages of fetal development, particularly in the formation of the neural tube, which eventually develops into the baby’s brain and spinal cord. Research has shown that sufficient folic acid intake before conception and during the early stages of pregnancy can lower the occurrence of NTDs by as much as 70%. This is why healthcare professionals recommend that women planning to conceive start taking folic acid supplements at least one month prior to pregnancy and continue through the first trimester.

While increased protein intake, regular exercise, and dietary choices such as avoiding dairy can contribute to overall maternal health, they do not have a direct impact on the risk of neural tube defects. Therefore, focusing on adequate folic acid intake is the most effective strategy for reducing this risk during pregnancy.